Does the US have a central database listing every US citizen?

The discussion on a related question made me wonder. Let's say the US decides that starting tomorrow they want to verify the citizenship status of every single voter. Is there a central database they could use to do so?

I'm aware that the US doesn't have a national ID card and that not everyone owns a passport, but at the same time the American government is well known for collecting vast amounts of data about everyone and everywhere, so I'd be surprised if they couldn't keep track of their own citizens.